Head trauma is still globally one of the major causes of children’s death. A child seriously injured and suffering from severe head trauma is not only a medical problem for that unfortunate child, but it is a catastrophic problem for the whole child’s family. The uncertainty of the outcome and prognosis of such trauma is a fact. Good, prompt, and efficient medical and neurosurgical management should start at the accident site, be maintained during transport to the hospital, and continue to the fullest extent possible, using the best available technology in the hospital. The health care provider should approach the victim’s family with sympathy, empathy, and compassion. The treating doctors should employ especially high-level tactics that go beyond basic communication and interaction to calm the family’s uncontrolled emotions; however, at the same time, ensure clarity in that complex situation, avoiding false hope or a presumed pessimistic view. Such complex communication skills are badly needed throughout the patient’s management.
The aim of this study is to identify, analyze, and discuss the ethical challenges of the management of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. We also try to reach a consensus on the ethical and professional approaches to such cases.

Keywords: Severe traumatic brain injury. Medical ethics. Doctor-family relationship. Predication of the outcome of TBI in children. Values-Based Medicine